I have a 74 CJ6 which has trhe D30 front with the drums. To get discs on, I have to swap the knuckles out from a Jeep D30 with discs, or go custom.
One of the things most people don't think nor anticipate with axle swap is the braking and unsprung weight. The weight is a really big deal. It takes horsepower to get going, then takes larger brakes to make it stop. It's a big drag on the performance of the vehicle. Something to be concerned with.
As for comparison to a D44 to a D30, only majoe differences is the size of the overall ring and pinion, and the axle diameter coming out of the carrier. Otherwise, it's all the same. Both axles use the same joint (D30 axles upgraded and not stock from years ago). Both axles are machined down to their appropriate size to fit into the carrier. Usually, the axles get sheared at this location, unless the joint blows.
Now in the latest Petterson's I think, Tri-County Gear has worked with ARB to get the D30 locker to use the D44 shaft (slightly larger diameter) to be used in the D30 housing, as well as the D44 locker to use the D60 shafts. This provides lower unsprung weight, better ground clearance, and better axles overall.
So if you go the D30 route, match it up with a D44, and follow Tri-County's work. They use this setup under their competition YJ crawler - that yellow bodied, blue framed thing.