But the sensors determine the o2 levels by changing resistance within the sensor material due to temperature(reaction to o2 in exhaust), I have used this mod succesfully many, many times on OBDII vehicles. By standing it off but not removing it entirely from the exhaust flow it tricks the secondary sensor into outputting a voltage that is within the range expected by the ECU with a working cat. In fact, there are even companies that are making them all fancy dancy specially machined, but charge a heck of a lot more than the defoulers and they both do the same job.